## Link https://youtu.be/qundvme1Tik ## Clips ### The rooms full of women era. In the 1930s, card calculating was an improvement over pencil and paper, but was still a pain. The atomic bomb was built using this method. start = 2:15 end = 2:45 ### By 1937, five independent researchers were dreaming about computing machines. The first was Conrad Zuse in Berlin. By 1936, Zuse had a basic design for a computer whose operations were specified by a sequence of markings on a tape start = 2:40 end = 3:20 ### The same year, 1936, Turing's paper came out. Introduced the ideas to an academic audience. None of the other four were affected by his paper. start = 3:17 end = 3:38 ### Physicist Howard Aiken at Harvard, inspired by Charles Babbage, wanted to build a machine to solve nonlinear differential equations that he was encountering in his dissertation start = 3:35 end = 3:50 ### At Iowa State University, John Atanasoff was working on a machine to solve PDEs start = 3:50 end = 4:10 ### At Bell Labs, George Stibitz was working to build a reliable calculator for circuit analysis start = 3:55 end = 4:20 ### Grace Hopper on the environment of Harvard Mark I and working with Howard Aiken, at that time the teaching of mathematics was a classified profession, the story about the Navy telling her she was underweight. Aiken says where the hell have you been? ENIAC was not a programmed computer, the Harvard Mark I that Hopper and Aiken worked on was. start = 31:05 end = 36:05 ### The instruction was essentially a single address instruction though I've never seen anyone call it that start = 37:50 end = 38:50