--- R: /ˈart/ W: 土 X: 🌍 --- ## Descendants ### East Semitic - **Akkadian:** 𒆠 (*erṣetum*) ### West Semitic #### Central Semitic - **Arabic:** أَرْض (*ʔarḍ*) - **Gulf Arabic:** ارض (*arḏ̣*) - **Maltese:** *art* - → **Afar:** *árdi* - → **Somali:** *arli* - → **Swahili:** *ardhi* - → **Zazaki:** *erd* - → **Northern Kurdish:** *erd* - → **Ottoman Turkish:** ارض - **Turkish:** *arz* - → **Persian:** ارض #### Northwest Semitic ##### Aramaic - **Imperial Aramaic:** 𐡀𐡓𐡒 (*ʾrq*) - **Biblical Aramaic:** ארק - **Jewish Babylonian Aramaic:** אַרְעָא (*ʾarʿā*) - **Classical Syriac:** ܐܰܪܥܳܐ (*ʾarʿā*) ##### Canaanite - **Hebrew:** אֶרֶץ (*ʾérets*, *ʾéreṣ*) - **Moabite:** 𐤀𐤓𐤑 (*ʾrṣ*) - **Phoenician:** 𐤀𐤓𐤑 (*ʾrṣ*, /ʾerṣ/) - **Punic:** 𐤀𐤓𐤑 (*ʾrṣ*, /ʾars/) - **Ugaritic:** 𐎀𐎗𐎕 (*ʾarṣ*, /ʾarṣu/) ### Old South Arabian - **Hadrami:** 𐩱𐩧𐩳 (*ʾrḍ*) - **Minaean:** 𐩱𐩧𐩳 (*ʾrḍ*) - **Qatabanian:** 𐩱𐩧𐩳 (*ʾrḍ*) - **Sabaean:** 𐩱𐩧𐩳 (*ʾrḍ*) ### Modern South Arabian - **Shehri:** *ʾɛrẓ̂* ### Possible External Cognate - **Egyptian:** *rṯnw* (tentative)