triangle
- From the Latin triangulum, meaning "three-cornered," which in turn comes from the adjective triangulus ("three-cornered").
square
- Shortening of Old French esquare (noun), esquarre (past participle, used as an adjective), esquarrer (verb), based on Latin quadra 'square'.
pentagon
- From Greek pentagōnon, meaning "five-angled," referring to a five-sided figure.